One of the most dangerous incidents a building can face, particularly large ones, is a fire and the smoke it produces.
While fire can destroy everything in its path, smoke can cause significant harm and injuries to occupants.
Smoke control systems
A system controls the evacuation of occupants during a fire, aiming to protect them as they evacuate or take shelter in a safe place.
Smoke control systems manage the flow of smoke in buildings during a fire, preventing its spread. This provides a clear evacuation path and protects the building’s interior.
The system creates air pressure between smoke control zones by maintaining higher pressure in adjacent spaces than in the smoke zone, forcing air into the smoke zone to disperse the smoke.
Smoke control systems are either dedicated or non-dedicated. A dedicated system controls smoke specifically for areas like stair towers and elevator shafts, while non-dedicated systems serve other functions but also control smoke.
Two basic types – Shaft protection and floor protection
Shaft protection includes stairwell pressurization systems and elevator hoist way systems. Floor protection involves various zoned smoke control systems. You should choose the combination of systems based on building and fire code requirements, as well as the specific occupancy and life safety needs of the situation.
The smoke control system must activate immediately upon receiving the activation command. Transmission time from the initiation of the signal to when it reaches the smoke control system must not exceed 10 seconds.
The smoke control sequence needs to activate the individual components and goes from the moment the smoke control directions are issued (whether they are automatic or manual) to the final action.
A smoke control system combines mechanical, electrical, architectural, and fire protection components. Designing and managing these systems effectively is crucial; otherwise, they can be challenging to implement and costly.
Moreover, smoke control systems require close collaboration among architects, mechanical engineers, and fire protection engineers to function properly.
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