Many people think all fires can be extinguished the same way — but in reality, different types of fires require different methods and extinguishers.
Knowing fire classes is essential to choose the right fire extinguisher and avoid making a small fire worse.
Here are the five main classes of fire and how to handle them:
Class A – Solid Materials
This includes combustible solids such as wood, paper, fabric, and plastics.
How to extinguish: Use Water or Foam extinguishers to cool down the burning material.
Do not use: Metal powder or CO₂ for this type of fire.
Class B – Flammable Liquids
Includes petrol, diesel, cooking oil, paint, and chemical solvents.
How to extinguish: Use Foam or Dry Powder extinguishers to smother the flames and cut off oxygen.
Do not use: Water — it can cause the fire to spread or splash burning liquid.
Class C – Flammable Gases
Involves gases such as LPG, propane, or butane.
How to extinguish: Use Dry Powder extinguishers and shut off the gas supply immediately.
Do not use: Water, as it is ineffective and can spread the fire.
Class D – Metal Fires
Fires involving metals like magnesium, titanium, or sodium — often found in laboratories or industrial areas.
How to extinguish: Use special Metal Powder extinguishers designed for these fires.
Do not use: Water or foam — they can cause explosions or violent reactions.
Class E / K – Electrical and Cooking Oil Fires
Electrical fires or those caused by overheated cooking oil.
How to extinguish:
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Electrical: Use CO₂ (Carbon Dioxide) or Dry Powder extinguishers.
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Cooking oil: Use Class F (Wet Chemical) extinguishers to cool and seal the surface of the burning oil.
Do not use: Water — it can cause the oil to splatter or explode.
Conclusion
Understanding fire classes helps you act safely and effectively in an emergency. Always use the right extinguisher for the type of fire, and ensure everyone at home or work knows how to operate it.
Remember — not all fires are the same!
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